A university or college might choose to retain a commercial ISP for operational reasons, such as ensuring resilience of Internet connectivity via another provider besides Janet, or to lay off liabilities when providing Internet access to students or visitors.

Otherwise a separate ISP connection should not be necessary under this proposal, provided that the use of Janet is part of business and community engagement activities.  As suggested in the previous section, where this is patently is not the case the safer option will be to use a commercial ISP connection and services.